pwd & ls

pwd command

• it lets you print out the path of the current working directory
• pwd stands for print working directory

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ pwd
/home/someone

ls command

• it lists files and directories(folders) inside current working directory except for hidden files

• ls stands for list
  

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls
a  b  c  d  e  test
someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls test
a  apple  b  banana  c  cactus  test2

• you could also provide an argument for the ls command to list the contents of the argument folder

ls options

• -a lists ALL files and directories and that means including hidden files. hidden files start with a dot .

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls -a
.   .bash_history  .bashrc  .hushlogin  .local       .profile         .sudo_as_admin_successful  a  c  e
..  .bash_logout   .cache   .lesshst    .motd_shown  .python_history  .zcompdump                 b  d  test

• h lists contents in human-readable format

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 d
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 e
drwxr-xr-x 3 someone someone 4.0K Oct  5 02:33 test

• l lists contents in long format

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 d
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 e
drwxr-xr-x 3 someone someone 4096 Oct  5 02:33 test

• --sort=someSortingCriteria intuitive

someone@zenbook-f13:~$ ls -l --sort=time
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3 someone someone 4096 Oct  5 02:33 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 d
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 e
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 someone someone    0 Oct  3 19:07 c