Recent evaluations by Anthropic reveal that AI models, specifically Claude Sonnet 4.5, have significantly improved their ability to conduct autonomous cyberattacks. Unlike previous versions that required custom toolkits, the latest models can now execute multistage attacks on complex networks using only standard, open-source penetration testing tools like those found in Kali Linux.
A striking example provided in the report involves the model successfully replicating the high-fidelity Equifax data breach. By instantly identifying a known CVE and writing exploit code via a simple Bash shell, the AI demonstrated how the barrier to autonomous cyber workflows is rapidly decreasing. This evolution highlights a critical need for organizations to prioritize security fundamentals, such as prompt vulnerability patching and system updates.
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