How to become an effective Polyglot Developer

Originally published at deepu.tech.

A polyglot developer is someone who can work with multiple languages with ease. In its strict interpretation, the vast majority of developers are polyglot as they would have worked with at least two languages in their lifetime, not counting markup/config/SQL languages. So in the IT industry when someone says s/he is a polyglot developer they mean they can work with a handful of languages at least and they don't have any particular strong preference for a single language.

I started my career as a Java & JavaScript developer but I never considered myself a polyglot developer until a few years ago. Why the shift you may ask! Even as a Java & JavaScript developer, I had a strong affinity towards JavaScript as I used to enjoy building UI/UX. Later in my career, I started working a little bit with more languages like Groovy, Scala, TypeScript, and Python. Even then I didn't consider myself a polyglot developer as I didn't dive deep into any of those languages. I was mostly working on existing codebases where I had to do some work in that particular language and I always considered that a nuisance. Another reason was, I naively believed that since I already knew JS and Java quite well, and since they are among the most popular languages, I didn't need to learn anything else or improve my skills further.

A programming language is a tool that has profound influence on our thinking habits.

‒ E. Dijkstra

Things changed when I started working full-time on a project written in Go and I started learning Go, which was extremely easy to learn, I realized how easy it was to learn a new language and enjoy working in it when I slightly changed my mindset and approach towards a programming language. Then I went on to learn, still learning, Rust, Kotlin, and so on.

I now consider myself a polyglot developer and I can comfortably work in Java, Kotlin, Groovy, JS/TS, Go, and Rust. I can also get by in Python, Scala, Bash, Ruby, and C#. Now I love deep diving into languages and enjoy working with various languages simultaneously. In this post, I'm gonna share how my change in mindset helped and how you can also be an effective polyglot developer if you would like that.

Advantages & Disadvantages of being polyglot

Before we proceed lets quickly see the advantages and disadvantages of being polyglot

Advantages

• You are not married to a single language and hence you have a bigger tool-belt with a more appropriate solution for the problem at hand
• Wider Job market and options to choose from. Hence you have multiple career path and opportunities
• Less fanboyism (Trust me it's a good thing). You also become less biased. You also won't get bored with one language & its community
• You don't have to worry about your favorite language dying out and you losing your job as you are not too invested in one ecosystem
• You become more pragmatic and opt for simplicity as you are not trying to use every fancy feature of a language. And in the end, you will become a better developer as you become better at concepts and semantics rather than syntax and you will get rid of programming habits more common to people working predominantly in a single language.

Disadvantages

• You probably won't be an expert in one particular language as you switch between languages
• Some jobs might require a long time of experience in one particular language
• You might have to refer to language docs (let's be honest, Google it) more often than usual as you might not remember details of language APIs or certain syntax
• Developer fatigue. More things to learn and keep up to as it's not something everyone would enjoy doing.
• Mixing concepts from one language to another

How to approach a language

Most programming languages are quite similar at their core. Any mainstream Turing complete language will have some basic semantic features like objects, conditionals, loops, variables, functions, and operations. When you encounter a new language, the best way to learn it would be to learn semantics rather than syntax. This is where your pattern recognition skills are needed. When you start learning the semantics of a language you quickly realize how similar it is to another language you already know, you start to see patterns. Once you familiarize yourself and understand that, learning the syntax becomes easier and in many cases, syntax might change and you will end up looking up syntax anyway.

Programming is an art of seeing patterns in the world, the same pattern recognition can be applied to programming languages to transfer your knowledge from one language to another.

So when learning a new language I follow the below approach

1. Learn the goal and purpose of the language, so that you know when to use this language, this helps with making you more pragmatic. You stop treating a language like a hammer and every problem as a nail.
2. Learn semantics. See what basic features the language offers and compare it with what you already know. For example, I start by looking at how variables work, how are conditionals designed, how loops and iterators work, and finally how functions work
3. Learn about additional features that might be unique to the language. Sometimes they are a variation of a feature you are familiar with, like Goroutines & coroutines or something unique like the Ownership model in Rust. Learn the similarities and differences of these features compared to languages you already know.
4. If the language uses a programming paradigm that you are not familiar with, learn that so that you can do justice to the language. No point using a pure functional language and trying to emulate OOP or imperative style with it. Even if the language is multi-paradigm, it is still beneficial to learn different paradigms and mix them based on the use case.
5. Learn about memory management and memory model of the language as it will help you have a deeper understanding. You will be surprised how similar the concepts are between languages.

One thing not to do is learning a language by learning a particular framework, for example, learning Ruby on Rails rather than learning Ruby or Learning Spring rather than Java or learning React rather than JavaScript. This will do more harm than good as you will be learning the semantics of the framework more than the language.

Being effective in a language

Now, learning a language and being effective in a language are two different things. One issue is that you might unconsciously try to emulate something from one language in another when the other language might have a better way to do it. For example, when I started with Go, I was trying to emulate JS callbacks in Go, instead of using Goroutines which can do a better job. One way to avoid this is to keep things as simple as possible.

Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.

‒ Martin Fowler

Some of the things you can try are:

• Stick to simple constructs as much as possible. Write clean code. Use advanced language features only when required. What matters is you solve the problem at hand simply and understandably without sacrificing efficiency or causing bugs.
• Don't fall into the paradigm trap, for example, do not try to go fully functional on an OOP or imperative language. Use what gets the job done, remember, unlike what some people might say, there is no problem with doing OOP or imperative code. Most of the time a simple for loop is better than recursion as long as you are not doing nested loops and stuff like that.
• Choose the appropriate language for the situation. Don't pick a language for a problem because it's cool, pick based on the use case, team composition, maintenance requirement, and business needs. Don't impose a language on others in the team.

keeping up

One of the issues with being a polyglot developer is keeping up with multiple language trends and communities. You might end up with Developer fatigue. It is important to keep up but it doesn't mean that you have to keep up with stuff like frameworks and libraries in a language.

Googling something doesn't make you a bad developer, blindly copy-pasting from the first result does.

Here are some tips that could help

• Learn programming basics. Learn about objects, collections, memory models, concurrency, and data structures. This knowledge can be applied to almost every language and the concepts around these don't change that often.
• Use a good IDE/Editor/Plugins to take care of language syntax and style for you. A programmer shouldn't be worrying about inserting semicolons and commas or adding the right amount of tabs or spaces. It's 2020, these things should be the least of your concerns, let the IDEs or tools like prettier & linters take care of those. For the last time, it friggin doesn't matter if you use tab or space.
• Before you start any project, choose the language you are going to use and spend few hours catching up on what is new in the language and what are reliable frameworks/libraries that you might need.
• Docs, Google, and forums are your friend. There is no shame in googling something when you are in doubt or when you have a bad memory like me. Remember, we are problem solvers, not memorizers. Trust me everyone does it and the ones who say they don't are lying. I still, almost always end up googling for array/string methods in almost all the languages I work with. The only thing to keep in mind is not to blindly copy the code from the first result. Read and compare at least two or three results from Google if you looking for a solution for a particular issue. If it's a stack overflow answer, read the entire thread, don't just read the answer. If it's a blog, spend a few minutes and read it fully.
• Contribute to some OSS projects if you have spare time or if your employer allows it during work hours. Doesn't mean you have to take your work home, do it only if you think it's beneficial to you in some way. It's absolutely individual preferences. It is a great way to learn and keep up without having to actively track it.

Conclusion

A good programmer writes great code in a language. A great programmer is language-independent.

As the saying goes don't keep all your eggs in a single basket. There are considerable effort and some disadvantages to being a polyglot developer. But the advantages outweigh the disadvantages in my humble opinion. Knowing more than one programming language does more good than bad. IMO the effort is worth it. Most of you are already polyglot developers even if you don't realize it, so just stop hating the other language you often use and instead embrace it and appreciate the good parts, keep in mind the bad parts and use the language when it is a good fit for a use case. The IT landscape is changing fast. New languages are being invented more rapidly languages are also dying out faster. Being a polyglot will be a very valuable skill in the future. So don't fight it, come to the dark side.

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Cover image credit: Photo by Andrés Gómez on Unsplash

Comments

[Shaiju T]

Good Points 😄,

• When you encounter a new language, the best way to learn it would be to learn semantics rather than syntax.

• One thing not to do is learning a language by learning a particular framework.

In college days I choose Java for internship project because it has Job openings. But then I got Job as C#.NET developer.

Since then I sticked to C#.NET world, but recenlty that changed and now I am planning to learn languages like Go , Python , Ruby.

Some questions:

• How can one became familiar with the language and frameworks in it ? By doing CRUD project or some other project.

• Shouldnt we master at some level atleast one famous language like Java , C# ? or be jack of all trades, and master of none?

• What do you think about languages Go , Python , Ruby isn't the syntax is less user friendly and readable than Java or C# ?

• Since You have learned Java , Go , Python , Rust , which language has made your life easier and ship fast ?

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

• Its definitely nice if you master at least one high-level language, but doesn't have to be Java or C#, it can be Python, JS or Go as well, what matters is you master fundamentals of programming, that will take you a long way

• Being a jack of all and master of none is not inherently bad as long as you are decent at what you do. Again being good at fundamentals will make you better at languages

• Syntax is subjective, for example lot of people find Python nice and Readable, I personally don't like it. I find JS more readable since I used it longer. A language syntax becomes easy for you with practice. Don't focus on syntax they will keep changing.

• That is what I'm trying to say, there is no single language that will be best for all situations. For example if you want to build a CLI tool real quick, JS with NodeJS is the best bet. If you want really performant app with fewer bugs and great reliability then Rust is great but might take more time to build. If you want a fast app that is easy to build, then Go is good but there will be tradeoff like verbosity, code duplication etc. If you want reliable web apps, the Java would be great due to its ecosystem and great libs. If you quickly want to write some scripts or process data, then Python/NodeJS is nice. SO its always based on the usecase. If you learn a handful of language you will be able to pick the best one for the task at hand

[Shaiju T]

Thanks 😄, Appreciate for guiding and taking time to write :)

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

you are welcome and I'm happy to help

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

You don't have to do CRUD projects specifically to become familiar with a language. ANy project would do. If you go that route of learning by building something, I would suggest trying to build the same project in different languages. Even a TODO app or TicTac game would do

[Shaiju T]

Point : Learn the goal and purpose of the language

Since You have learned Java , Go , Python , Rust , what is the purpose of each language , any uniqueness does any language is more preform-ant than another and uses less memory ?

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

Yes, most languages do specify a goal. For example, Rust focuses on memory safety and is a systems programming language. Go focus on speed and simplicity and so on. While the goal is good to know, the purpose matters more IMO. Some languages do not specify a purpose but looking at how it's widely used you can infer it.

[Shaiju T]

Adding some SO posts for readers:

1. (Why) Should I learn a new programming language?

2. Why learn more programming languages?

3. The benefits and advantages of being a jack of all trades programmer?

Hope this helps. 😄

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

Thanks. Appreciate it

[Venkatesh KL]

Great article @deepu105

I'm not a polyglot at all. I'd like to be one. I've worked in Java initially then JavaScript, now fully into typed javascript aka TypeScript.
I've tried a bit of go, nothing more than solving some problems in euler archives.

I'd like to know how you get ideas to build tools to learn languages. I'm more into building web applications, do I've mostly dealt with multiple web services, auth, cron jobs, speeding up queries etc.

How would you recommend someone like me to build something that will keep my learning curve steep as well Useful. How do you get ideas like kdash?
I'm work as a team lead at a startup but I think I need to learn lot of things to get that confidence & kick the imposter out. What would you suggest??

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

Well mostly its just trying out. There is no formula. If you think you can build something, do it regardless of, if its already out there or not. So at the very least you will learn and at the very best you will have something useful for others. Imo, what matters is your determination and attempt. Just pick the domain that is most comfortable to you or just blatantly copy some open source project you will still learn.

You can also just contribute to an OSS project already out there are still learn a lot from that community, for example at JHipster, we thrive on contributors and as a contributor you will learn a lot as well.

We all have that imposter in us. No one knows everything. I google for almost everything. I copy good coding practices from others when I encounter it. I adapt solutions from stack overflow all the time. Nothing to be ashamed of. Even the best of developers do all these.

[Venkatesh KL]

Thanks a lot

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

See my updated answer above

[Venkatesh KL]

Great words. Thanks for the advice

[Gorlph]

It's good to see a great programmer from non com-sci fields. This particular article and many comments of yours capture the essence of being a great programmer/developer - be pragmatic, fundamentals will take anybody a long way, right tool for the right job.

Honestly, my first impression on you when I saw just your profile is kinda meh, "Another evangelist bs spewer". But I am dead wrong! You're great, not filled to the brim with ego, really know things or really quick to correct misunderstanding. Really hit the nail on the head.

Great article, already shared it to my junior colleagues!

[Deepu K Sasidharan]

Thanks for the kind words. Appreciate it.