If you were a JavaScript developer during a certain era, you're likely familiar with the library Lodash. It's a utility library full of functions that make it easier to manipulate arrays, objects and strings. Lodash included so many critical functions that, for a long time, it was one of the first things developers would download when setting up a new project. However, times have changed.
So let's talk about how we might think about Lodash in the context of today.
ECMAScript
For a primer on ECMAScript and TC39 I recommend reading my post on the ECMAScript Ecosystem. With that out of the way, let's talk about new features to the language.
Arrays
One of the things Lodash is known for are wonderful functions for handling arrays. For example, flattening them.
const arr = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
_.flatten.(arr) // [1,2,[3,4]]
We don't need to use Lodash for this anymore! Array.prototype.flat is a thing.
const arr = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
arr.flat() // [1,2,[3,4]]
In fact, the flat function handles all three of the Lodash flatten methods.
const arr = [1, [2, [3, 4]]]
_.flatten.(arr) // [1,2,[3,4]]
arr.flat() // [1,2,[3,4]]
_.flattenDeep.(arr) // [1,2,3,4]
arr.flat(Infinity) // [1,2,3,4]
_.flattenDepth.(arr, 2) // [1,2,3,4]
arr.flat(2) // [1,2,3,4]
Objects
Another popular method that people reach for is Lodash's get. This one found a JS substitute a bit more recently.
const obj = { a: 1, b: { c: 3, d: 4 } }
_.get(obj, 'a.b.c') // 3
This method helps you dive deep into objects and not worry about whether or not the values exist. As an alternative, we now have optional chaining.
const obj = { a: 1, b: { c: 3, d: 4 } }
obj.a?.b?.c // 3
As it turns out, get takes a third parameter, a default value. To match this functionality we have nullish coalescing.
const obj = { a: 1, b: { c: 3, d: 4 } }
_.get(obj, 'a.b.e', 'default') // default
obj.a?.b?.e ?? 'default' // default
Goodbye Lodash?
You may think that these examples mean Lodash is no more! Well, not so fast.
While ECMAScript has added a number of new features in the past few years, there are still parts of Lodash that don't have native replacements.
Some are under discussion, like the pipeline operator, which has some similarities to Lodash's chain method.
Others are still just a twinkle in JavaScript's eye. groupby and deepmerge are commonly referenced in the category of things people would like native implementations of.
So why does it matter?
You might wonder why this matters. If some things have native alternatives and others don't, why not use Lodash for everything and make your life easier?
Well, Lodash isn't exactly small. Installing it as a dependency in your project doesn't matter so much, but loading it up for every page isn't ideal. So you want to consider a couple things.
- If you don't have to use a Lodash dependency and can use a native solution, do so.
- If you've determined you need a Lodash method, don't import the entire library.
Instead of doing this:
import _ from 'lodash'
Do something like this:
import map from 'lodash/map'
Alternatively, there is a Babel plugin that can do this for you. There is also a webpack plugin that will further optimize things.
And that's it
Now go forth with your newfound Lodash knowledge! Make intentional choices about what needs a third-party dependency. And be sure to check out the do you need Lodash project.
Top comments (19)
I found that helper tools like lodash, underscore, etc. tend to lend themselves to help the developer outsource complexity instead of actually understanding the underlying issue enough to reduce the complexity to a point where you get an elegant solution. While that may not always be possible, I find that not using lodash often results in better code. But if you use it, be sure to use it whenever it makes sense.
I've found the opposite. Folks write custom implementations of deep merge, intersection, is plain object, etc. and miss edge cases. These helpers then end up being used all over the place, which makes it very hard to fix any issues.
For sure use native JS built-ins over Lodash, but if you're considering writing your own version of one of the more complex Lodash helpers, at least go read their source code first.
That's what I mean with unnecessary complexity. There are less problems that strictly require these functions than one would think.
Also, things like deep cloning also have issues in lodash and other tools, see github.com/atk/object-clone-propos...
So using these tools is not a silver bullet. As I said, if you use them, make it count, but try to solve the underlying issue before you grab these tools.
y the deepcopy stuff is still very viable
I dislike lodash, ramda etc. as JavaScript has become quite capable in expressing meaning very well. Reading code that suddenly uses utility functions makes it much slower to understand the code as you need to look up what those functions actually do. Everybody seems to like a different library and if project has not maintained discipline, well, life becomes troublesome for a maintainer.
Of course reading specs for just one function isn't a problem, but it seems like once somebody starts to think of a problem through utility functions they sure seem to make sure to use as many different utility functions as they can in one go. They have fun learning the functions, but as a reader the functions are more of a pain - and still all too often you can refactor the code to shorter native JS while not having undesired side effects (tests are nice).
That's another good point. While some of these helpers are pretty obvious in the functionality (though not in the implementation; you'll end up with a lot of unused edge case handling, take
isEmptyfor example), many of them require a lot of documentation and are quite difficult to read.I've been using Lodash and Underscore since their existence and have made use of them extensively! However, this changed half a year ago when I started working on a lightweight Microservice component that I build with Node.js, where every single byte counts.
Now that I got rid of Lodash/Underscore, I basically recreated the helper functions I was using; it's even more fun to use them as I now precisely know what they're doing and with what data types I'm dealing with and ultimately no longer need to be prepared for all eventualities and types.
P.S. I kind of agree with @lexlohr . Even for me and 20+ years of experience, I often didn't even try to understand how some of the helper functions work; I just used them and got instant results, eez.
I can definitely recommend using one of the two libraries when starting a new project. As soon as you know which helper functions you ultimately need, you can start replacing the library helper functions with your logic using Lodash its .mixin() feature to extend core helper functions with custom ones. In this case, you want to overwrite core functions with your logic: dustinpfister.github.io/2018/01/31.... If this is done, you can replace the Lodash helper functions with your own helper functions.
Cheers
Hi Laurie, great article! I think I might have found a typo. Shouldn't the lines that have
actually be the following?
Ah ya, based on how I access it later that’s correct. I made the examples too quickly.
+1 for the
import map from 'lodash/map'Great tip, Laurie!
You can also install
lodash-esand then useIn this case, no Babel plugins are needed, it's tree-shakable by default. And you can use regular imports.
Speaking of elegant solutions, it's worth checking out ramda. It heavily uses carrying and thus allows to do crazy things with very little overhead (it does the ordinary too, but what's the fun?). Tree-shake friendly, side effects free and doesn't bring bad memories :-)
Lodash also has lodash/fp
Great article 👍 indeed ECMA specs have greatly improved since 2015 and we don't need to go for third-party as often as before.
One additional benefit, a major one I think, of using native VS lodash is that your IDE / tooling chain will interpret the code:
Refactoring a codebase with _get(obj, 'a.b.c') when you change "b" name is going to be difficult, while a?.b?.c can be done automatically by the IDE
Yay!!! Thanks for describing what we don't need from the library anymore. And yes, I strongly relied on deepclone and deep merge as I didn't trust my own algos.... I agree with only importing one func instead of the whole library to keep it lightweight.
Any typescript friendly lodash alternative?
Lodash has types typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/d...
+1 I love that Good tools
To be honest, I maybe used Lodash under 5 times in my dev career, and then just one special function.