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Marcel.L
Marcel.L

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Create a Docker based Self Hosted GitHub runner Linux container

#github #azure #docker #containers

Overview

All the code used in this tutorial can be found on my GitHub project: docker-github-runner-linux.

Welcome to Part 2 of my series: Self Hosted GitHub Runner containers on Azure.

In part one of this series, we looked at how we can create a windows container image using docker and then running our self hosted GitHub runners as containers. In this part we will focus on building a Linux based Ubuntu image instead.

In subsequent parts, we will look at how we can utilize Azure to store and run our containers in the cloud using Azure Container Registry (ACR), Azure Container Instances (ACI) and Azure Container Apps (ACA) to run and scale our self hosted GitHub runners, instead of using a VM based approach with docker running inside of a VM.

Setup environment

As also described in part one, before building and running docker images we need to set a few things up first. For my environment I will be using a Windows 11 virtual machine running WSL2. Here is more information on running docker on Windows Server. Things that we will need on our VM are:

Open PowerShell as administrator and run:



wsl --install
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After WSL is installed, run:



Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName $("Microsoft-Hyper-V", "Containers") -All
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NOTE: You will need to reboot the system after adding the relevant features above.

  • Download and Install Docker Desktop For Windows (This will automatically also install Docker-Compose)

  • Once Docker Desktop For Windows is installed you need to switch to Linux containers. Use the Docker item in the Windows system tray:

image.png

NOTE: Linux containers is the default setting, so if you skipped part one of this series Docker Desktop For Windows will already be set to use Linux Containers by default.

Prepare Bash Scripts used in image creation

Now that we have Docker-Desktop as well as Docker-Compose installed and set to use Linux Containers we can start to build out our self hosted GitHub runner docker image.

Open VSCode, you can clone the repo found on my GitHub project docker-github-runner-linux which contains all the files or simply follow along with the following steps. We will prepare a script that will be needed as part of our docker image creation.

Create a root folder called docker-github-runner-linux and then another sub folder called scripts. Inside of the scripts folder you can create the following script:

image.png

start.sh

This script will be used as our 'ENTRYPOINT' script and will be used to bootstrap our docker container when we start/run a container from the image we will be creating. The main purpose of this script is to register a new self hosted GitHub runner instance on the repo we pass into the docker environment each time a new container is spun up or scaled up from the image.



#!/bin/bash

GH_OWNER=$GH_OWNER
GH_REPOSITORY=$GH_REPOSITORY
GH_TOKEN=$GH_TOKEN

RUNNER_SUFFIX=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-z0-9' | fold -w 5 | head -n 1)
RUNNER_NAME="dockerNode-${RUNNER_SUFFIX}"

REG_TOKEN=$(curl -sX POST -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" -H "Authorization: token ${GH_TOKEN}" https://api.github.com/repos/${GH_OWNER}/${GH_REPOSITORY}/actions/runners/registration-token | jq .token --raw-output)

cd /home/docker/actions-runner

./config.sh --unattended --url https://github.com/${GH_OWNER}/${GH_REPOSITORY} --token ${REG_TOKEN} --name ${RUNNER_NAME}

cleanup() {
    echo "Removing runner..."
    ./config.sh remove --unattended --token ${REG_TOKEN}
}

trap 'cleanup; exit 130' INT
trap 'cleanup; exit 143' TERM

./run.sh & wait $!
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Prepare dockerfile to build image (Linux)

Now with our scripts ready, we can get to the fun part... Building the linux docker image. Navigate back to the root folder and create a file called: dockerfile:

image.png

dockerfile

This dockerfile contains the instructions to build our container image.



# base image
FROM ubuntu:20.04

#input GitHub runner version argument
ARG RUNNER_VERSION
ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

LABEL Author="Marcel L"
LABEL Email="pwd9000@hotmail.co.uk"
LABEL GitHub="https://github.com/Pwd9000-ML"
LABEL BaseImage="ubuntu:20.04"
LABEL RunnerVersion=${RUNNER_VERSION}

# update the base packages + add a non-sudo user
RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && useradd -m docker

# install the packages and dependencies along with jq so we can parse JSON (add additional packages as necessary)
RUN apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    curl nodejs wget unzip vim git azure-cli jq build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3 python3-venv python3-dev python3-pip

# cd into the user directory, download and unzip the github actions runner
RUN cd /home/docker && mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner \
    && curl -O -L https://github.com/actions/runner/releases/download/v${RUNNER_VERSION}/actions-runner-linux-x64-${RUNNER_VERSION}.tar.gz \
    && tar xzf ./actions-runner-linux-x64-${RUNNER_VERSION}.tar.gz

# install some additional dependencies
RUN chown -R docker ~docker && /home/docker/actions-runner/bin/installdependencies.sh

# add over the start.sh script
ADD scripts/start.sh start.sh

# make the script executable
RUN chmod +x start.sh

# set the user to "docker" so all subsequent commands are run as the docker user
USER docker

# set the entrypoint to the start.sh script
ENTRYPOINT ["./start.sh"]
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Let's take a closer look and see what this docker build file will actually do, step by step:



# base image
FROM ubuntu:20.04
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The 'FROM' instruction will tell our docker build to fetch and use an Ubuntu 20.04 OS base image. We will add additional configuration to this base image next.



#input GitHub runner version argument
ARG RUNNER_VERSION
ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

LABEL Author="Marcel L"
LABEL Email="pwd9000@hotmail.co.uk"
LABEL GitHub="https://github.com/Pwd9000-ML"
LABEL BaseImage="ubuntu:20.04"
LABEL RunnerVersion=${RUNNER_VERSION}
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We define an input argument using 'ARG'. This is so that we can instruct the docker build command to load a specific version of the GitHub runner agent into the image when building the image. Because we are using a linux container, 'ARG' will create a system variable $RUNNER_VERSION which will be accessible to Bash inside the container.

We also set an Environment Variable called DEBIAN_FRONTEND to noninteractive with 'ENV', this is so that we can run commands later on in unattended mode.

In addition we can also label our image with some metadata using 'LABEL' to add more information about the image. You can change these values as necessary.

NOTE: 'LABEL RunnerVersion=${RUNNER_VERSION}', this label is dynamically updated from the build argument we will be passing into the docker build command later.



# update the base packages + add a non-sudo user
RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && useradd -m docker

# install the packages and dependencies along with jq so we can parse JSON (add additional packages as necessary)
RUN apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    curl nodejs wget unzip vim git azure-cli jq build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3 python3-venv python3-dev python3-pip
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The first 'RUN' instruction will update the base packages on the Ubuntu 20.04 image and add a non-sudo user called docker.

The second 'RUN' will install packages and dependencies such as git, Azure-CLI, python along with jq so we can parse JSON for the token in our ENTRYPOINT script.

NOTE: You can add additional packages as necessary at this stage, but try not to install too many packages at build time to keep the image as lean, compact and re-usable as possible. You can always use a GitHub Action later in a workflow when running the container and use actions to install more tooling.

I will be showing how we can add more software and tooling e.g. Terraform later on when we run our container, using a GitHub Action.



# cd into the user directory, download and unzip the github actions runner
RUN cd /home/docker && mkdir actions-runner && cd actions-runner \
    && curl -O -L https://github.com/actions/runner/releases/download/v${RUNNER_VERSION}/actions-runner-linux-x64-${RUNNER_VERSION}.tar.gz \
    && tar xzf ./actions-runner-linux-x64-${RUNNER_VERSION}.tar.gz

# install some additional dependencies
RUN chown -R docker ~docker && /home/docker/actions-runner/bin/installdependencies.sh
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The next 'RUN' instruction will create a new folder called actions-runner and download and extract a specific version of the GitHub runner binaries based on the build argument 'ARG' value passed into the container build process that sets the environment variable: $RUNNER_VERSION as described earlier. A few more additional dependencies are also installed from the extracted GitHub runner files.



# add over the start.sh script
ADD scripts/start.sh start.sh

# make the script executable
RUN chmod +x start.sh

# set the user to "docker" so all subsequent commands are run as the docker user
USER docker

# set the entrypoint to the start.sh script
ENTRYPOINT ["./start.sh"]
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The last section will 'ADD' the 'ENTRYPOINT' script named start.sh to the image. The entrypoint script will run each time a new container is created. It acts as a bootstrapper that will, based on specific environment variables we pass into the Docker Run command, such as, $GH_OWNER, $GH_REPOSITORY and $GH_TOKEN to register the containers self hosted runner agent against a specific repository in the GitHub organisation we specify.

Now that we have our scripts as well as our dockerfile ready we can build our image.

NOTE: We can build and run the linux container images using docker-desktop or docker-compose, I will show both methods next.

Building the Docker Image - Docker Desktop (Linux)

In VSCode terminal or a PowerShell session, navigate to the root folder containing the docker file and run the following command. Remember we need to pass in a build argument to tell docker what version of the GitHub runner agent to use in the image creation. GitHub Runner Releases



#Build container: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH
docker build --build-arg RUNNER_VERSION=2.292.0 --tag docker-github-runner-lin .
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The build process can take a little while to complete:

image.png

Once the process is complete, you will see the new image in Docker Desktop for Windows under images:

image.png

Run the Docker Image - Docker Desktop (Linux)

To run and provision a new self hosted GitHub runner linux container from the image we just created, run the following command. We have to pass in some environment variables using the '-e' option to specify the PAT (Personal Access Token), GitHub Organisation and Repository to register the runner against.



#Run container from image:
docker run -e GH_TOKEN='myPatToken' -e GH_OWNER='orgName' -e GH_REPOSITORY='repoName' -d image-name
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See creating a personal access token on how to create a GitHub PAT token. PAT tokens are only displayed once and are sensitive, so ensure they are kept safe.

The minimum permission scopes required on the PAT token to register a self hosted runner are: "repo", "read:org":

image.png

Tip: I recommend only using short lived PAT tokens and generating new tokens whenever new agent runner registrations are required.

After running this command, under the GitHub repository settings, you will see a new self hosted GitHub runner. (This is our docker container):

image.png

You will also be able to see the running container under Docker Desktop for Windows under Containers:

image.png

Lets test our new docker container self hosted GitHub runner by creating a GitHub workflow to run a few GitHub Actions by installing Terraform on the running container.

You can use this test workflow from my GitHub project: docker-github-runner-linux.

Create a new workflow under the GitHub repository where you deployed the self hosted runner where it's running:



name: Local runner test

on:
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  testRunner:
    runs-on: [self-hosted]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3.6.0
      - name: Install Terraform
        uses: hashicorp/setup-terraform@v2
      - name: Display Terraform Version
        run: terraform --version
      - name: Display Azure-CLI Version
        run: az --version
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Notice that the workflow 'runs-on: [self-hosted]'. We can now use the following step to install Terraform:



steps:
- name: Install Terraform
    uses: hashicorp/setup-terraform@v2
- name: Display Terraform Version
    run: terraform --version
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image.png

To add additional docker runners (containers), we just simply re-run the docker command we ran earlier (Each run will create an additional runner instance/container):



#Run container from image:
docker run -e GH_TOKEN='myPatToken' -e GH_OWNER='orgName' -e GH_REPOSITORY='repoName' -d image-name
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image.png

Next we will look at stopping/destroying our running docker instances and cleaning up the registrations for all the self hosted runners registered against our GitHub repository.

To stop and remove all running containers simply run:



docker stop $(docker ps -aq) && docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
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You will notice that all the running containers under Docker Desktop for Windows are no longer there, as well as the docker node registrations against our GitHub repository has also been cleaned up and removed:

image.png

The reason our GitHub runner registrations are also removed is because of the cleanup code inside of our 'ENTRYPOINT' script start.sh, that will automatically trigger a cleanup of the runner registration when the docker container is stopped and destroyed:



cleanup() {
    echo "Removing runner..."
    ./config.sh remove --unattended --token ${REG_TOKEN}
}

trap 'cleanup; exit 130' INT
trap 'cleanup; exit 143' TERM
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Next we will look how we can build the image and also run our image at scale using docker-compose.

Building the Docker Image - Docker Compose (Linux)

As we saw earlier, it is pretty easy to build our image using docker commands, but we can also use docker-compose with a configuration file to make things a bit easier. So following on, navigate to the root folder again that contains the dockerfile we created earlier, and create a new 'YAML' file called docker-compose.yml:



---
version: '3.8'

services:
  runner:
    image: pwd9000-github-runner-lin:latest
    build:
      context: .
      args:
        RUNNER_VERSION: '2.292.0'
    environment:
      GH_TOKEN: ${GH_TOKEN}
      GH_OWNER: ${GH_OWNER}
      GH_REPOSITORY: ${GH_REPOSITORY}
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In the docker compose configuration file we can set out the parameters for our docker image by specifying things like the image name, GitHub runner version, as well as our environment variables.

Note that we have to set these environment variables on our host, windows 11 machine in order for docker compose to be able to interpret the values specified on the 'YAML' file inside of the '${}' symbols. This can easily be done by running the following PowerShell commands on the windows 11 host:



#set system environment with $env: (or use .env file to pass GH_TOKEN, GH_OWNER, GH_REPOSITORY)
$env:GH_OWNER='Org/Owner'
$env:GH_REPOSITORY='Repository'
$env:GH_TOKEN='myPatToken'
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NOTE: You can also use an environment file instead to pass environment variables onto the docker compose build process using a docker-compose.yml file like this instead:



---
version: '3.8'

services:
  runner:
    image: pwd9000-github-runner-lin:latest
    build:
      context: .
      args:
        RUNNER_VERSION: '2.292.0'
    env_file:
      - ./variables.env
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This method however requires us to create another file in the root of our working folder called ./variables.env and populating this file with our environment variables like so:



GH_OWNER=orgName
GH_REPOSITORY=repoName
GH_TOKEN=myPatToken
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IMPORTANT: Don't use this method, and don't commit this file to source control if you are using sensitive values and storing your code in a remote source control repository. Add this environment file to your '.gitignore' file if needed, so that it is not pushed into source control.

Which ever method you decide to use, you can kick off the build process after creating this docker-compose.yml file by running the following PowerShell command:



docker-compose build
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image.png

Once the process is complete, you will see the new image in Docker Desktop for Windows under images:

image.png

Run and scale the Docker Image - Docker Compose (Windows)

What's nice about using docker-compose is that we can easily scale the amount of runners we want to use simply by running the following command:



docker-compose up --scale runner=3 -d
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Because all of our configuration and details are kept in environment variables and the docker-compose 'YAML' file, we don't really have to run long docker commands as we did earlier, and we simply scale the amount of runners we want by specifying the '--scale' parameter.

image.png

NOTE: The '--scale runner=3 -d' parameter is based on the docker compose file, 'services:' setting, which in our case is called 'runner':



services:
  runner:
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To scale down to one runner, we can simply rerun the command as follow:



docker-compose up --scale runner=1 -d
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To stop and remove all running containers simply run:



docker-compose stop
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
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As described earlier, you will notice that all the running containers under Docker Desktop for Windows are no longer there, as well as the registrations against our GitHub repository have been cleaned up:

image.png

In this part of the series we have covered how you can build and run self hosted GitHub runners as linux containers using docker-desktop and docker-compose. In the next part of this blog series we will take a look at hosting/storing our GitHub runner container images in a remote registry in Azure using Azure Container Registry (ACR).

I hope you have enjoyed this post and have learned something new. You can find the code samples used in this blog post on my GitHub page. ❤️

Author

Like, share, follow me on: 🐙 GitHub | 🐧 X/Twitter | 👾 LinkedIn

pwd9000 image

Marcel.L

Dual Microsoft MVP DevOps + Azure | DevOps Architect | Technical speaker focused on Microsoft technologies, IaC and automation in Azure. Find me on GitHub: https://github.com/Pwd9000-ML

Top comments (2)

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aviiliix profile image
Antonio Nava Vargas •

24K Gold, thank you! I recently started a migration from Azure Devops to GitHub Actions, I didn't imagine that the process of generating a docker image of the actions-runner would be so similar compared to that of Azure, maybe an 80% of code reuse

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pwd9000 profile image
Marcel.L •

Glad you found this helpful :)

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