Dark Mode in React using Hooks

Why need Dark Mode ?

Because it looks cool 😎
Correct but its not enough. Dark mode is known to save a lot of energy on AMOLED screens. Android case studies focused on popular Google apps like YouTube have shown that the power savings can be up to 60%.

Let's see how to implement it in React by using hooks and browser's localStorage.
We will use here facebook's react-boilerplate.
Clone it first by using the command npx create-react-app dark-mode, after cloning, change the root directory to dark-mode by using cd dark-mode and to run the application npm start, use this create-react-app for more details.

Let's add some darkness 😃

Create CSS Files

// light-theme.css

html[data-theme="light"]  {
  --color: rgb(5, 5, 5);
  --background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);
}

// dark-theme.css

html[data-theme="dark"]  {
  --color: rgb(250, 250, 250);
  --background-color: rgb(5, 5, 5);
}

As of now, I have added only two color variables, later you can add as many color variables for your project.
Don't hardcode color in any css files or in any inline styling, use only defined color variables.

// App.css

.App-header {
  background-color:var(--background-color);
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: calc(10px + 2vmin);
  color:var(--color);
}

I have used those color variables in App.css file.

Create DarkModeToggle component

click to see the folder structure
Create DarkMode folder, add index.js and index.css files.

// DarkMode/index.js

const DarkModeToggle = () => {
  const [isDark, setIsDark] = useState(localStorage.getItem("theme") === "dark" ? true : false);
  useEffect(() => {
    document
    .getElementsByTagName("HTML")[0]
    .setAttribute("data-theme", localStorage.getItem("theme"));
  },[]);

Using useState hook to store the current user theme preference, get the current user preference from localStorage.
Suppose you are running the application for first time, you won't get the user theme preference in browser's localStorage, in that case false get set to the isDark hook and applied light theme to the application.
I have used browser's localStorage to set the choosen user theme preference and update it while theme toggling.
Set HTML data-theme attribute accordingly with current user theme preference.

Note: The data-* attribute is used to store custom data private to the page or application. The data-* attribute gives us the ability to embed custom data attributes on all HTML elements.

// handles user theme preference change

const toggleThemeChange = () => {
    if (isDark === false) {
      localStorage.setItem("theme", "dark");
      document
        .getElementsByTagName("HTML")[0]
        .setAttribute("data-theme", localStorage.getItem("theme"));
        setIsDark(true);
    } else {
      localStorage.setItem("theme", "light");
      document
        .getElementsByTagName("HTML")[0]
        .setAttribute("data-theme", localStorage.getItem("theme"));
        setIsDark(false);
    }
  }

This method will get triggered when we toggle the theme from light to dark or vice-versa. It will update the state isDark based on current theme choosen and simultaneously update the data-theme attribute. data-theme attribute helps application to determine which color schemes need to applied either dark html[data-theme="dark"] or light html[data-theme="light"].

// templete for theme toggle button

  return (
    <label className="switch">
      <input
        type="checkbox"
        defaultChecked={isDark}
        onChange={() => toggleThemeChange()}
      />
      <span className="slider round" />
    </label>
  )

returning the html toggle element for switching the theme.

function App() {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <header className="App-header">
        <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
        <p>
          Edit <code>src/App.js</code> and save to reload.
        </p>
        <a
          className="App-link"
          href="https://reactjs.org"
          target="_blank"
          rel="noopener noreferrer"
        >
          <DarkModeToggle />
        </a>
      </header>
    </div>
  );
}

Add this DarkModeToggle component wherever you want to place it.

Let's checkout the application after the Darkness applied

GitHub repo link in case if you want to directly fork it for your project.

Comments

[Joe Attardi]

Nice! There is also a media query, prefers-color-scheme, that you can use to automatically detect if the user's operating system is set to dark mode!

developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/W...

[Rohit kumar singh]

Correct Joe, I will use that in my next article. But prefers-color-scheme not supported by many of the browsers as of now. so, I thought of going with this approach.

[Greg]

Nice post! But just a little tip, this expression

  const [isDark, setIsDark] = useState(localStorage.getItem("theme") === "dark" ? true : false)

can be written in a bit cleaner way, if you get rid of ternary operator:

  const [isDark, setIsDark] = useState(localStorage.getItem("theme") === "dark")

[Rohit kumar singh]

Thanks Greg, we can avoid the ternary.
But suppose a case if we didn't get theme from browser's localStorage, then it will throw undefined and assigned to isDark, but yes we can handle that later. To make the article more understandable I made it like that, so I will convey the code more clearly.

[Aravind Balla]

Great write up! I did the same using class names on <body> for my website recently. CSS variables are really powerful.

[Rohit kumar singh]

Thanks Aravind 😊

[Rohith Gilla]

Amazing

[Rohit kumar singh]

Thanks Rohith

[Guri-ksolves]

Nice one bro👍👍

[Rohit kumar singh]

thanks 😀

[walid]

why we dont need context api or redux here ? should we implement that ? some other examples use context api, but here it works without it, even if we have ten pages, and one button ?