Daily Challenge #158 - RGB To Hex Conversion

The rgb() method is incomplete. Complete the method so that passing in RGB decimal values will result in a hexadecimal representation being returned.

The valid decimal values for RGB are 0 - 255. Any (r,g,b) argument values that fall out of that range should be rounded to the closest valid value.

The following are examples of expected output values:

rgb(255, 255, 255) # returns FFFFFF
rgb(255, 255, 300) # returns FFFFFF
rgb(0,0,0) # returns 000000
rgb(148, 0, 211) # returns 9400D3

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This challenge comes from jhoffner on CodeWars. Thank you to CodeWars, who has licensed redistribution of this challenge under the 2-Clause BSD License!

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Comments

[SavagePixie]

My JavaScript solution, which would look a lot nicer if the TC39 finally added a pipeline operator.

const checkRange = num => Math.min(255, Math.max(num, 0))

const rgb = (...args) => args.slice(0, 3)
    .map(x => checkRange(x)
        .toString(16)
        .toUpperCase()
        .padStart(2, '0'))
    .join('')

[Luiz Felipe Gonçalves]

String.prototype.padStart would handle the addZeroes trick for you. ;)

[Quozzo]

I got really confused when the link opened in Portuguese. I had to check my VPN 😆

[Luiz Felipe Gonçalves]

Whoops! Sorry about that. :P Should be fixed now.

[SavagePixie]

I've modified it to use padStart instead of my custom function.

Thanks @lffg and @avalander !

[Avalander]

We have padStart now in strings to add characters to the beginning up to a certain length.

[Mihail Malo]

Nodejs (not web):

const rgb = (...args) => 
  Buffer.from(args).toString('hex') // .toUpperCase() // if you are wasteful xD

Not necessarily actually efficient, but definitely hilarious.

General JS:

const rgb = (...args) =>
  args.reduce((a, x, i) => a + x * 0x100 ** (2 /*or args.length*/ - i), 0)
  .toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(6, '0')

[Ilyes Chouia]

My PHP Solution

// round the number to the closest value (255 or 0)
function roundToClosest($color)
{ 
    if($color > 255){
        return 255;
    }elseif($color < 0){
        return 0;
    }
    return $color; 
}

function rgb($r,$g,$b){

    $r = roundToClosest($r);
    $g = roundToClosest($g);
    $b = roundToClosest($b);

    return sprintf("%02X%02X%02X", $r, $g, $b);
}

[Amin]

Elm

toHexadecimalLetter : Int -> String
toHexadecimalLetter integer =
    case integer of
        10 ->
            "A"

        11 ->
            "B"

        12 ->
            "C"

        13 ->
            "D"

        14 ->
            "E"

        15 ->
            "F"

        _ ->
            String.fromInt integer

toHexadecimal : Int -> String
toHexadecimal integer =
    let
        clampedInteger  = clamp 0 255 integer
        integerDivision = clampedInteger // 16
        decimalDivision = toFloat clampedInteger / 16.0
        rest            = floor ((decimalDivision - toFloat integerDivision) * 16)
    in
        toHexadecimalLetter integerDivision ++ toHexadecimalLetter rest 

rgb : Int -> Int -> Int -> String
rgb red green blue =
    [red, green, blue]
        |> List.map toHexadecimal
        |> String.join ""

Test.

[Craig McIlwrath]

Haskell, using the word8 type to ensure the inputs are from 0-255.

import Data.Bits
import Data.Word 

hexMap :: (Integral a) => a -> Char
hexMap = ("0123456789ABCDEF"!!) . fromIntegral

toHex :: Word8 -> String
toHex word = let lo = word .&. 15
                 hi = word .&. 240
             in  hexMap lo : hexMap (hi `shift` (-4)) : [] 

rgb :: Word8 -> Word8 -> Word8 -> String
rgb r g b = toHex r ++ toHex g ++ toHex b

[Meow]

My solution in PHP

<?php

namespace MayMeow\PHPColor;

class Color
{
    /** int $red */
    public $red;

    /** int $green */
    public $green;

    /** int $blue */
    public $blue;

    public function __construct($red, $green, $blue)
    {
        $this->red = $red;
        $this->green = $green;
        $this->blue = $blue;
    }

    /**
     * Method convertToHex
     * Covert given color to string #RRGGBB
     */
    public static function convertToHex(Color $color)
    {
        $red = dechex($color->red);
        if (strlen($red) < 2) $red = '0' . $red; // check string length and add zero if needed

        $green = dechex($color->green);
        if (strlen($green) < 2) $green = '0' . $green;

        $blue = dechex($color->blue);
        if (strlen($blue) < 2) $blue = '0' . $blue;

        return '#' . $red . $green . $blue;
    }

    /**
     * Method convertToRGB
     * Convert given color string back to RGB color values
     */
    public static function convertToRGB($hex)
    {
        $hex = ltrim($hex, "#");

        $red = hexdec(substr($hex, 0, 2));
        $green = hexdec(substr($hex, 2, 2));
        $blue = hexdec(substr($hex, 4, 2));

        return new Color($red, $green, $blue);
    }
}

[David Kanekanian]

Python solution, supports 1 or 3 arguments like CSS.

rgb = lambda *_: "#"+eval("'%02X'"+(lambda a:a.pop(len(_)>1)+a.pop())(["%_","*3"]))

print(rgb(255)) # => #FFFFFF
print(rgb(126, 28, 29)) # => #7E1C1D

[Nick Holmes]

In C#, you don't even really need to implement a method for this, as its easily done with string interpolation;

    var rgb  = $"{red:X02}{green:X02}{blue:X02}";

(Useful for unique ad-hoc strings, but usually better factored out to a method anyway)

[Daniel Viklund]

Ruby solution

def valid_num(v)
  [[v, 255].min, 0].max
end

def rgb(*args)
  args[0..2].reduce('') { |str, v|
    str << valid_num(v).to_s(16).rjust(2, '0')
  }
end

[Vaibhav Yadav]

In Go.

func rgb(r, g, b uint8) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("#%x%x%x", r, g, b)
}