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Vahid Aghajani

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Next-Token Prediction: How an AI Actually Writes Text (Not Magic — Just Probability)

Next-Token Prediction: How an AI Actually Writes Text (Not Magic — Just Probability)

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5 min read
Speculative Decoding, Explained: Free LLM Speed With Zero Quality Loss

Speculative Decoding, Explained: Free LLM Speed With Zero Quality Loss

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5 min read
Data Modeling Explained: From One Messy Table to a Real Schema

Data Modeling Explained: From One Messy Table to a Real Schema

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6 min read
GeoParquet Explained: Your Geodata Has Two Shapes (One You Edit, One You Scan)

GeoParquet Explained: Your Geodata Has Two Shapes (One You Edit, One You Scan)

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8 min read
Connection Pooling: Why Your API Dies at 200 Users (But the DB Is at 4% CPU)

Connection Pooling: Why Your API Dies at 200 Users (But the DB Is at 4% CPU)

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6 min read
Zero-Shot vs Few-Shot Prompting: Why Your LLM Output Keeps Breaking (and the 1-Minute Fix)

Zero-Shot vs Few-Shot Prompting: Why Your LLM Output Keeps Breaking (and the 1-Minute Fix)

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4 min read
The N+1 Query Problem: Why 100 Products Cost 101 Queries (and Why an Index Won't Save You)

The N+1 Query Problem: Why 100 Products Cost 101 Queries (and Why an Index Won't Save You)

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5 min read
How a Database Index Actually Works: B-Trees, Seq Scans, and the Cost Nobody Mentions

How a Database Index Actually Works: B-Trees, Seq Scans, and the Cost Nobody Mentions

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6 min read
Vector Search — how HNSW finds nearest neighbours

Vector Search — how HNSW finds nearest neighbours

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6 min read
RAG vs Fine-tuning

RAG vs Fine-tuning

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5 min read
bcrypt vs SHA-256: Why a Password Hash Should Be Slow on Purpose

bcrypt vs SHA-256: Why a Password Hash Should Be Slow on Purpose

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7 min read
Pub/Sub Explained From Scratch — One Event, Five Systems, Zero Direct Calls

Pub/Sub Explained From Scratch — One Event, Five Systems, Zero Direct Calls

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5 min read
Load Balancer Explained From Scratch — How One Site Survives a Traffic Flood

Load Balancer Explained From Scratch — How One Site Survives a Traffic Flood

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9 min read
CORS — the attack it stops, and the one-line fix

CORS — the attack it stops, and the one-line fix

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5 min read
VPN vs DNS

VPN vs DNS

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5 min read
API Gateway Explained: One Front Door for Every Service (and Why the Bad Bot Never Gets In)

API Gateway Explained: One Front Door for Every Service (and Why the Bad Bot Never Gets In)

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4 min read
ACID vs BASE

ACID vs BASE

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5 min read
Encryption vs Hashing

Encryption vs Hashing

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4 min read
Access Token vs Refresh Token

Access Token vs Refresh Token

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6 min read
Stateless vs Stateful

Stateless vs Stateful

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6 min read
Docker vs VM

Docker vs VM

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4 min read
Cache vs CDN

Cache vs CDN

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5 min read
Why Your LLM Keeps Returning Garbage JSON (And How to Stop It)

Why Your LLM Keeps Returning Garbage JSON (And How to Stop It)

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7 min read
Vision Language Models — When AI Learns to See and Talk (Part 3 of 3)

Vision Language Models — When AI Learns to See and Talk (Part 3 of 3)

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13 min read
Vision Transformers — How Transformers Learned to See (Part 2 of 3)

Vision Transformers — How Transformers Learned to See (Part 2 of 3)

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12 min read
Semantic vs Keyword vs Hybrid Search: What Every RAG Demo Skips

Semantic vs Keyword vs Hybrid Search: What Every RAG Demo Skips

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6 min read
Transformers — The Architecture That Changed AI (Part 1 of 3)

Transformers — The Architecture That Changed AI (Part 1 of 3)

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13 min read
How LLM Function Calling Actually Works — From Tokens to Tool Orchestration

How LLM Function Calling Actually Works — From Tokens to Tool Orchestration

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7 min read
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