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Devanshu Biswas

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The human-in-the-loop agent: an 8B model proposes, Python pauses the risky calls, a human decides

The human-in-the-loop agent: an 8B model proposes, Python pauses the risky calls, a human decides

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3 min read

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One Helm template, eight Deployments: how range over values.yaml collapses your k8s YAML

One Helm template, eight Deployments: how range over values.yaml collapses your k8s YAML

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3 min read
Lost in the middle: why a 100k-token context window is not 100k tokens of attention

Lost in the middle: why a 100k-token context window is not 100k tokens of attention

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3 min read
ALiBi: give a Transformer position sense with one line, and let it test longer than it trained

ALiBi: give a Transformer position sense with one line, and let it test longer than it trained

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3 min read
Random projections: compress 10,000 dimensions to 30 by multiplying with random noise

Random projections: compress 10,000 dimensions to 30 by multiplying with random noise

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3 min read
ULID from scratch: 128 bits that sort by time, and why UUIDv4 never can

ULID from scratch: 128 bits that sort by time, and why UUIDv4 never can

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3 min read
Verbalized confidence: make an LLM state how sure it is, then check if 90% really means 90%

Verbalized confidence: make an LLM state how sure it is, then check if 90% really means 90%

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3 min read
Build iOS Settings from scratch: a data-driven list, a real toggle, and a push-navigation stack

Build iOS Settings from scratch: a data-driven list, a real toggle, and a push-navigation stack

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3 min read
Yahtzee in 180 lines: how one counts[1..6] array scores all 13 categories

Yahtzee in 180 lines: how one counts[1..6] array scores all 13 categories

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3 min read
A memory agent that remembers you after the process dies — short-term buffer + vector recall + compression, no vector DB

A memory agent that remembers you after the process dies — short-term buffer + vector recall + compression, no vector DB

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2 min read
From docker-compose to Kubernetes: 8 Spring Boot services, probes that gate rollout, and a test that reads the manifests

From docker-compose to Kubernetes: 8 Spring Boot services, probes that gate rollout, and a test that reads the manifests

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2 min read
Test-time compute: the two-line math behind majority vote, best-of-N, and "thinking longer"

Test-time compute: the two-line math behind majority vote, best-of-N, and "thinking longer"

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3 min read
Gated Linear Units explained: the multiplicative valve behind LLaMA and PaLM's SwiGLU FFN

Gated Linear Units explained: the multiplicative valve behind LLaMA and PaLM's SwiGLU FFN

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3 min read
The Theil-Sen estimator: fit a robust regression line with nothing but a median

The Theil-Sen estimator: fit a robust regression line with nothing but a median

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3 min read
Writing an HTML entity encoder from scratch: which chars really need escaping, and why you iterate by code point

Writing an HTML entity encoder from scratch: which chars really need escaping, and why you iterate by code point

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3 min read
Chain-of-Draft: keep the reasoning, drop the narration, and cut ~80% of your reasoning tokens

Chain-of-Draft: keep the reasoning, drop the narration, and cut ~80% of your reasoning tokens

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3 min read
The ellipsis truncation algorithm: how a pagination bar stays a fixed width no matter the page count

The ellipsis truncation algorithm: how a pagination bar stays a fixed width no matter the page count

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3 min read
Building Bomberman from a grid of integers: a 2-second fuse, a cross-blast raycast, and BFS hunters

Building Bomberman from a grid of integers: a 2-second fuse, a cross-blast raycast, and BFS hunters

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3 min read
Why components passed as children don't re-render with the parent (a free re-render boundary in React)

Why components passed as children don't re-render with the parent (a free re-render boundary in React)

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3 min read
I built a binary heap visualizer: bubble-up, sift-down, and O(n) heapify with the array and tree side by side

I built a binary heap visualizer: bubble-up, sift-down, and O(n) heapify with the array and tree side by side

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3 min read
A multi-tool orchestrator on llama-3.1-8b — capability routing, deny-by-default permissions, and a 2.97 parallel speed-up

A multi-tool orchestrator on llama-3.1-8b — capability routing, deny-by-default permissions, and a 2.97 parallel speed-up

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3 min read
Eight services and six pieces of infra — one docker compose up brings the whole stack up in dependency order

Eight services and six pieces of infra — one docker compose up brings the whole stack up in dependency order

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3 min read
GraphRAG answers connect-the-dots questions flat vector RAG can't — by walking a knowledge graph, not a pile of chunks

GraphRAG answers connect-the-dots questions flat vector RAG can't — by walking a knowledge graph, not a pile of chunks

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3 min read
CLIP learns from captions, not labels — two encoders, one shared space, and an N N matrix whose diagonal must win

CLIP learns from captions, not labels — two encoders, one shared space, and an N N matrix whose diagonal must win

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3 min read
Huber regression bends but doesn't break — a quadratic core, linear tails, and one line of IRLS reweighting

Huber regression bends but doesn't break — a quadratic core, linear tails, and one line of IRLS reweighting

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3 min read
A JSON Schema validator is one recursive function — schema, value, path — that calls itself and collects every violation

A JSON Schema validator is one recursive function — schema, value, path — that calls itself and collects every violation

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3 min read
A chat only grows but the context window is fixed — context management is choosing what survives

A chat only grows but the context window is fixed — context management is choosing what survives

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3 min read
A chip input is a text box and a list fused into one control — built from one plain input and an array of strings

A chip input is a text box and a list fused into one control — built from one plain input and an array of strings

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3 min read
Mastermind needs no rules engine — just two arrays of four numbers and one duplicate-safe two-pass scoring trick

Mastermind needs no rules engine — just two arrays of four numbers and one duplicate-safe two-pass scoring trick

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3 min read
I watched an 8B model solve a multi-step task, then degrade honestly on a 503 — a ReAct agent with real guardrails

I watched an 8B model solve a multi-step task, then degrade honestly on a 503 — a ReAct agent with real guardrails

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3 min read
A whole notification feature added by only listening — event-driven decoupling means new consumers are free

A whole notification feature added by only listening — event-driven decoupling means new consumers are free

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3 min read
M N integrations collapse to M+N — the Model Context Protocol is USB-C for AI tools, and it's just JSON-RPC underneath

M N integrations collapse to M+N — the Model Context Protocol is USB-C for AI tools, and it's just JSON-RPC underneath

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3 min read
A Vision Transformer makes an image look like a sentence — 16 16 patches become tokens and every patch attends to every other

A Vision Transformer makes an image look like a sentence — 16 16 patches become tokens and every patch attends to every other

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3 min read
Least squares has no defence against a single bad point — RANSAC just lets the outliers fail to vote

Least squares has no defence against a single bad point — RANSAC just lets the outliers fail to vote

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3 min read
A fluid font size is just a line through two points — clamp() and a little algebra retire the whole media-query stack

A fluid font size is just a line through two points — clamp() and a little algebra retire the whole media-query stack

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3 min read
The system prompt is a separate channel — role, rules, format and guardrails the model reads before the first user turn

The system prompt is a separate channel — role, rules, format and guardrails the model reads before the first user turn

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3 min read
A FAB is not a special widget — it is one plain button pinned to a corner, and one boolean opens the whole speed-dial

A FAB is not a special widget — it is one plain button pinned to a corner, and one boolean opens the whole speed-dial

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3 min read
There is no level in the code — only five plain arrays and a clock, and a whole tower-defense game falls out of them

There is no level in the code — only five plain arrays and a clock, and a whole tower-defense game falls out of them

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3 min read
Render props vs hooks: the same logic three ways, and the wrapper hell that made hooks win

Render props vs hooks: the same logic three ways, and the wrapper hell that made hooks win

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2 min read
I built a union-find visualizer: watch union by size and path compression flatten a tree in real time

I built a union-find visualizer: watch union by size and path compression flatten a tree in real time

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2 min read
A RAG agent that refuses to bluff — inline [n] citations when grounded, a low-confidence flag when not, a fallback when blank

A RAG agent that refuses to bluff — inline [n] citations when grounded, a low-confidence flag when not, a fallback when blank

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3 min read
A URL rule guards the door by verb and path — it can't say "only your own order", so authorization moves onto the method

A URL rule guards the door by verb and path — it can't say "only your own order", so authorization moves onto the method

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3 min read
Don't ask the model for valid JSON — delete the wrong tokens, force every illegal logit to , and it's valid by construction

Don't ask the model for valid JSON — delete the wrong tokens, force every illegal logit to , and it's valid by construction

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3 min read
fp16 doesn't just lose precision, it loses range — gradients underflow to zero, and loss scaling borrows exponent headroom

fp16 doesn't just lose precision, it loses range — gradients underflow to zero, and loss scaling borrows exponent headroom

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3 min read
A histogram is the crudest density estimate there is — drop a smooth bump on every point, sum them, and bandwidth is everything

A histogram is the crudest density estimate there is — drop a smooth bump on every point, sum them, and bandwidth is everything

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3 min read
A URL is a tiny structured record, not a string — parse the frame with the platform, hand-roll only the query, rebuild it

A URL is a tiny structured record, not a string — parse the frame with the platform, hand-roll only the query, rebuild it

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3 min read
Auto-CoT writes its own chain-of-thought demos — cluster the questions, pick one per cluster, and diversity beats similarity

Auto-CoT writes its own chain-of-thought demos — cluster the questions, pick one per cluster, and diversity beats similarity

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3 min read
Confetti isn't an animation — it's an array of paper scraps, each a bag of numbers one loop nudges under gravity every frame

Confetti isn't an animation — it's an array of paper scraps, each a bag of numbers one loop nudges under gravity every frame

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3 min read
There is no flock in the code — only an array of points, and three little vectors per bird make a whole murmuration appear

There is no flock in the code — only an array of points, and three little vectors per bird make a whole murmuration appear

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3 min read
OrderHub Day 39: distributed tracing + Loki — one trace-id across four services, into every log line, 135 tests

OrderHub Day 39: distributed tracing + Loki — one trace-id across four services, into every log line, 135 tests

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3 min read
Semantic caching keys on meaning, not the exact string — embed the query, cosine-match the cache, HIT above a threshold

Semantic caching keys on meaning, not the exact string — embed the query, cosine-match the cache, HIT above a threshold

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3 min read
Gradient accumulation fakes a big batch on small memory — .grad already sums, so scale each micro-batch by 1/N and step once

Gradient accumulation fakes a big batch on small memory — .grad already sums, so scale each micro-batch by 1/N and step once

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3 min read
Spectral clustering: cluster by the graph Laplacian's eigenvectors, not by distance — non-convex shapes unfold into blobs

Spectral clustering: cluster by the graph Laplacian's eigenvectors, not by distance — non-convex shapes unfold into blobs

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3 min read
A JSONPath engine is two moves — parse the path into a list of selectors, then pipe a node-set of {path, value} through each

A JSONPath engine is two moves — parse the path into a list of selectors, then pipe a node-set of {path, value} through each

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3 min read
Buffer of Thoughts: keep a library of reusable thought-templates, not past answers — retrieve, instantiate, distil back

Buffer of Thoughts: keep a library of reusable thought-templates, not past answers — retrieve, instantiate, distil back

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3 min read
A bottom sheet is one translateY — snap points are fractions of the frame, and release projects the flick to the nearest one

A bottom sheet is one translateY — snap points are fractions of the frame, and release projects the flick to the nearest one

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3 min read
A centipede is just an array ordered head-first — every segment copies the cell ahead, and a bolt splices the array in two

A centipede is just an array ordered head-first — every segment copies the cell ahead, and a bolt splices the array in two

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3 min read
OrderHub Day 38: a Grafana dashboard provisioned from git — rate() and histogram_quantile() over the Day-37 meters, 131 tests

OrderHub Day 38: a Grafana dashboard provisioned from git — rate() and histogram_quantile() over the Day-37 meters, 131 tests

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3 min read
Sliding-window attention: a banded mask turns O(N ) into O(N·W), and stacking L layers buys an effective field of ~L·W

Sliding-window attention: a banded mask turns O(N ) into O(N·W), and stacking L layers buys an effective field of ~L·W

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3 min read
Gradient checkpointing: keep N activations, recompute the rest — memory falls from O(N) to O( N) for one extra forward pass

Gradient checkpointing: keep N activations, recompute the rest — memory falls from O(N) to O( N) for one extra forward pass

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3 min read
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