Daily Challenge #304 - Consecutive Letters

In this challenge, we will check if a string contains consecutive letters as they appear in the English alphabet and if each letter occurs only once.

Rules are: (1) the letters are adjacent in the English alphabet, and (2) each letter occurs only once.

For example:
solve("abc") = True, because it contains a,b,c
solve("abd") = False, because a, b, d are not consecutive/adjacent in the alphabet, and c is missing.
solve("dabc") = True, because it contains a, b, c, d
solve("abbc") = False, because b does not occur once.
solve("v") = True
All inputs will be lowercase letters.

Tests

solve("abc")
solve("zyx")
solve("azj")

Good luck!

---

This challenge comes from KenKemau on CodeWars. Thank you to CodeWars, who has licensed redistribution of this challenge under the 2-Clause BSD License!

Want to propose a challenge idea for a future post? Email [e-mail] with your suggestions!

Comments

['']

JS

const solve = (string) =>
  string
    .split("")
    .sort()
    .map((i) => i.charCodeAt())
    .every(
      (element, index, array) =>
        index === 0 || array[index] - array[index - 1] === 1
    );

[willsmart]

It's always nice to avoid a second iteration over elements if possible and efficient. This could allow a function to be applied on a stream/very-large-string, makes analysis of it easier, and just avoids having it do unnecessary work on elements it doesn't strictly need to deal with.
Here's a single loop TS implementation that will early exit as soon as it finds an element that...

• has been seen before, or...
• makes the new max char code too distant from the new min char code

If the whole string has been covered and the call to every didn't early exit, then all letters must be distinct (rule two covered), and the max code minus the min code must be less than the length of the string (they're all different to each other so this bound means they must be adjacent, rule one covered)

const solve = (s: string): boolean => {
  let minCode = Infinity,
    maxCode = -Infinity,
    seenChars = new Set<string>(),
    code: number;
  return [...s].every(
    c =>
      !seenChars.has(c) &&
      (
        seenChars.add(c),
        (code = c.charCodeAt(0)),
        (minCode = Math.min(code, minCode)),
        (maxCode = Math.max(code, maxCode)),
        maxCode - minCode < s.length
      )
  );
};

Tested in kata

Edit: refactor to get rid of that sneaky arrayifying spread operator...

const solve = (s:string): boolean => {
  let minCode = Infinity,
    maxCode = -Infinity,
    seenChars = new Set<string>();
  for (const c of s) {
      if (seenChars.has(c)) return false;
      seenChars.add(c);
      const code = c.charCodeAt(0);
      minCode = Math.min(code, minCode);
      maxCode = Math.max(code, maxCode);
      if (maxCode - minCode >= s.length) return false;
  }
  return true;
};

[bugb]

It's always nice to avoid a second iteration

We also have space complexity

• if 2 loops O(2n) and the space is O(1) then it still good to give a try
• if you have only one loop but the space is O(n) or O(n^2), you should consider to use then ;)

[willsmart]

You're right, space is part of the equation too. It's all about what tradeoffs you're happy to make.

In this case, we're checking for duplicates in the string so we're either storing a memo hash (O(n) on space) or iterating over the pairs of elements (O(n^2) on time).
This one is O(n) on space and time, but you could defn make a fn that was O(1) on space if you were ok with O(n^2) on time.

(O(n) == O(2n) btw. The notation includes a multiplier to cover differences in the base case. So the top function up there where [...s] implicitly loops through the string before even hitting the every, actually has the same complexity as the lower function that is genuinely just one loop.)

[Mihail Malo]

JavaScript

Efficient (for small strings)

works because if there are as many distinct characters as the length, there can't be duplicates

const solve = str => {
  const len = str.length
  let v = str.charCodeAt()
  for (let i = 1; i < len; i++) if (str.charCodeAt(i) < v) v = str.charCodeAt(i)
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) if (!str.includes(String.fromCharCode(v++))) return false
  return true
}

TextEncoder

const enc = new TextEncoder('ascii')
const solve = str => {
  const buf = enc.encode(str)
  const len = buf.length
  buf.sort()
  let v = buf[0]
  for (let i = 1; i < len; i++) if (buf[i] !== ++v) return false
  return true
}

TextEncoder but without sorting

const enc = new TextEncoder('ascii')
const solve = str => {
  const buf = enc.encode(str)
  const len = buf.length
  let v = buf.reduce(Math.min)
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) (buf.includes(v++)) return false
  return true
}

TextEncoder without mutation

const enc = new TextEncoder('ascii')
const solve = str => {
  const buf = enc.encode(str)
  buf.sort()
  return !!buf.reduce((a, x) => x - a === 1 ? x : 0)
}

TextEncoder but finally a oneliner

const solve = str => !!new TextEncoder('ascii')
  .encode(str)
  .sort()
  .reduce((a, x) => x - a === 1 ? x : 0)

[agtoever]

Not too elegant, but a compact and efficient one-liner, using Python 3.8's assignment expressions.

solve = lambda s: (ord_list := list(map(ord, s))) and max(ord_list) - min(ord_list) == len(s) - 1

for case in ['abc', 'abd', 'dabc', 'abbc', 'v', 'zyx', 'azj']:
    print(f'{case}: {solve(case)}')

Try it online!

[edh_developer]

Bitflags in Go

func solve(testString string) bool {
    bitFlags := 0
    characters := []rune(testString)

    for _, r := range characters {
        bitFlags |= 1 << (r - 97) // rune('a') == 97
    }

    for (bitFlags & 1) == 0 {
        bitFlags >>= 1
    }

    return bitFlags == (1<<len(testString) - 1)
}

[Sabin Pandelovitch]

Javascript with less complexity

function solve(str) {
  let status = true;
  let counter = 1;
  while (status && counter < str.length) {
    status = str.charCodeAt(counter) === str.charCodeAt(counter-1)+1;
    counter++;
  }
  return status;
}

[Jehiel Martinez]

function solve (str) {
  let state = false
  const sorted = str
   .split('')
   .map(char => char.charCodeAt())
   .sort()

   sorted.every((char, index) => {
    if(char + 1 === exp[index+1]){
      state = true
    }
  })

  return state
}

[Valts Liepiņš]

Solution in Haskell with O(n) time complexity:

import Data.Char (ord)
import qualified Data.IntMap.Strict as IMap

solve :: String -> Bool
solve = isUniqConsecutive . toCharMap
  where
    toCharMap = IMap.fromListWith (+) . map (flip (,) 1 . ord)
    isUniqConsecutive map
      = isUniq (IMap.elems map)
      && isConsecutive (IMap.keys map)
    isUniq = (== 1) . maximum
    isConsecutive [_] = True
    isConsecutive xs  = and $ zipWith (==) xs (pred <$> tail xs)

[peter279k]

Here is the simple solution in Python:

def solve(st):
    arr = list(st)
    arr.sort()

    letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'

    return letters.count(''.join(arr)) >= 1

[bugb]

JS one line

solve=(s,A=[...s].sort(),c='charCodeAt')=>A.every((_,i)=>!i||A[i][c]()-A[i-1][c]()==1)